{"id":6913,"date":"2025-10-20T05:33:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T05:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingo.ai.vn\/?p=6913"},"modified":"2025-10-20T05:35:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T05:35:00","slug":"kinh-te-doi-moi-sang-tao-khoa-hoc-nobel-prize-2025-economy-sciences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingo.ai.vn\/index.php\/2025\/10\/20\/kinh-te-doi-moi-sang-tao-khoa-hoc-nobel-prize-2025-economy-sciences\/","title":{"rendered":"Kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc Nobel Prize 2025 Economy Sciences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u1eaby c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o AI, Robot t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh, Chips b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5…V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 6.8 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 20-25% t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2030. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay 2025 vinh danh 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7  \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc, tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0m trong m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 v\u0169 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Joel Mokyr – Philippe Aghion – Peter Howitt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 2 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ed5 xung c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quan li\u00eau nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. Th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i Nobel kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m nay l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1edfi m\u1edf, khuy\u00ean kh\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9t  g\u1eaby v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf tham chi\u1ebfu s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u00ec \u1ea1ch trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e2n t\u00fay gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn vinh danh v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m nay. Joel Mokyr \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf\u201d<\/em>  v\u00e0 cho Philippe Aghion- Peter Howitt v\u1edbi \u201c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mokyr th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Anh, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Aghion v\u00e0 Howitt ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a 3 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat ra b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a: \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi<\/em>\u201d, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3?\u201d Suy r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf  qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi dai d\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u201cT\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201ck\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1eafp t\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngang trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ckh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u trong t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d Hockey Stick Growth<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cGood to Great\u201d c\u1ee7a Jim Collins c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong top 500 Fortunes c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng 3X tr\u00ean 15 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Flywheel<\/strong> trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Flywheel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec Hockey Stick \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong>. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u201cM\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o -kh\u00fac cong- m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eabn b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng? Why?  V\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 Mokyr c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia…g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong>. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Mokyr, Aghion v\u00e0 Howitt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? Vi\u1ec7c, vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n vinh danh 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Mokyr \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00e1t minh th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch vun \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y non ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cho thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ngo\u1ea1i lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Mokyr t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o: T\u00edch l\u0169y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1edf m\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00edch nghi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 coi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a hay s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a AI. V\u00e0 \u201cLan t\u1ecfa tri th\u1ee9c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d c\u1ee7a Aghion v\u00e0 Howitt th\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o R&D nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, s\u00fat lui suy gi\u1ea3m hay t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 2 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n<\/strong><\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/em>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trao quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh hay \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169. V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Startup Nation c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n kinh doanh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i do<\/strong> c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u00e1i sinh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Aghion v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i duy tr\u00ec \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t\u201d. D\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnhh \u0111\u1ee9t g\u1eaby chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, tuy nhi\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 AI, khi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o AI, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1edfi m\u1edf, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 , c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1i c\u00e1i c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Sandbox, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ghi ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb d\u1ee7i do c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cC\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 to l\u1edbn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, th\u00e2t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 10 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9\/11 l\u1ea7n trao gi\u1ea3i. Trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi 2017, Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2020, \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2023, Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu  t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed9i sinh 2018.. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danny Ng\u00f4 – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 Geneva, Switzerland, CEO InGO<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u1eaby c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o AI, Robot t\u1ef1 … <\/p>\n

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